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Games that use dice and the dice themselves goes all the way back to the Middle Eastern Crusades, but modern craps is only about a century old. Modern craps evolved from the 12th Century Anglo game referred to as Hazard. No one absolutely knows the ancestry of the game, but Hazard is said to have been invented by the Englishman, Sir William of Tyre, sometime in the twelfth century. It’s supposed that Sir William’s soldiers enjoyed Hazard during a blockade on the castle Hazarth in 1125 AD. The title Hazard was gotten from the castle’s name.
Early French colonizers brought the game Hazard to Nova Scotia. In the 18th century, when expelled by the British, the French relocated south and found refuge in the south of Louisiana where they a while later became known as Cajuns. When they fled Acadia, they brought their favorite game, Hazard, with them. The Cajuns modernized the game and made it mathematically fair. It’s believed that the Cajuns adjusted the name to craps, which is derived from the name of the non-winning throw of snake-eyes in the game of Hazard, recognized as "crabs."
From Louisiana, the game migrated to the Mississippi river boats and across the country. Many consider the dice builder John H. Winn as the founder of modern craps. In the early 1900s, Winn developed the modern craps layout. He added the Don’t Pass line so players could bet on the dice to not win. Afterwords, he developed the spots for Place wagers and added the Big 6, Big 8, and Hardways.